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Blog layout

Appearance → Customize → Blog → Layout.

The four layouts

Layout
Narrow (reading width) A centred reading column, no sidebar. The default
Full width The whole container width, no sidebar
Sidebar right Content left, sidebar right
Sidebar left Sidebar left, content right

Narrow uses the narrow width (620px out of the box); the other three fill up to the container width (1170px). Both are set under Design → General → Widths.

What it applies to

Every listing context, one setting for the lot:

Single posts and pages have their own layout settings — see Single post layout and Page layout. They do not inherit this one, so a full-width blog beside narrow posts is a normal arrangement.

Layout and display are two decisions

Layout is how many columns the page has. Display is how the posts are arranged inside the content column — stacked, list or grid. See Display modes.

Some pairings work better than others:

Layout Sensible display
Narrow Stacked. A grid inside a 620px column is two cramped cards
Full width Grid, or list
Sidebar left/right List, or a 2–3 column grid

When the sidebar is empty

A sidebar layout with nothing in the widget area would leave a visitor staring at an empty column, so it falls back to a single column — narrow if the display is stacked, full width otherwise.

Logged-in users who can manage widgets see the column with a note explaining why it is empty and a link to the widgets screen. Visitors see one column. Add a widget and the sidebar appears for everyone. See Enable the sidebar.