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Design

Appearance → Customize → Design. One section, in four groups.

Typography

Base font and Heading font each offer the theme’s built-in stacks. Any family you install through Appearance → Fonts — the WordPress Font Library — shows up in the same dropdowns.

Heading font weight runs Light, Regular, Medium, Semi-bold, Bold or Extra-bold. Bold is the default. A weight the family does not actually ship is synthesised by the browser, so pick one the font has.

Base font size is 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or 22px, defaulting to 16px. Everything else on the page is sized in proportion to it, so this one control scales the whole site rather than only the body copy.

Colors

Five pickers, all empty out of the box. Empty means the theme’s own value, which is why an untouched site still looks like something.

How a link is told apart from the text around it. Seven of them, named after herbs:

Style What it does
Sage No style — links read as text. The default.
Basil Accent color, underlined on hover
Thyme Accent color, highlighted on hover
Rosemary Accent color, filled on hover
Mint Text color, underlined
Dill Gray, text color on hover
Fennel Gray menus, accent color in the content

Every one of them changes on hover, so a link is never color alone. In the menus, the item for the page you are on always steps back whichever style is set.

The four that name the accent do nothing visible until Accent color above is filled in.

Layout

Reading width is the width of the text column, from 500px to 1230px in fourteen steps. The default is 660px — a comfortable measure for body text. Wider suits a portfolio or a photo blog more than it suits prose.

Body padding is the space between the edge of the window and the site: None, X-Small, Small, Medium, Large or X-Large. Small is the default. This is what keeps the text off the edge of a phone screen, so None is worth a look on a narrow device before you keep it.

Beyond these

There is no other options panel. For anything the settings above do not reach, use Customize → Additional CSS, or a child theme if you are changing templates. The colors above are published as CSS custom properties, so your own rules can follow whatever the Customizer is set to rather than hard-coding a second copy of it.